团头鲂肠道肝胰脏消化酶的初步研究

本文采用动力学方法测定了团头鲂肝胰脏淀粉酶和肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶的活性分布及pH值对各消化酶活性的影响,结果表明:食糜中的蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性沿消化道从前至后逐渐减弱,而肠黏膜中各消化酶活性则基本上是由前到后逐渐增加。在pH值6.0～9.0范围内,肠道蛋白酶活性在pH为8.6时为最大,在pH值6.2～8.6范围内,肝胰脏和肠道淀粉酶活性在pH值7.8时为最大。     

Induction of interspecific allo-tetraploids of Megalobrama amblycephala♀×Megalobrama terminalis♂ by heat shock

Interspecific allo-tetraploidy was induced by a combination of hybridization of Megalobrama amblycephala ♀× Megalobrama terminalis ♂ and thermal shock. A thermal shock at 40 °C for 2 min applied to eggs 33 or 26 min (τ₀: 1.40) after fertilization resulted in a significantly ( P <0.01) higher yield of allo-tetraploids than hybrid crosses without heat shock. The yield of allo-tetraploids in embryos from mid-gastrula to hatching stages was 15.7–24.4% in different thermal shock treatment groups. The allo-tetraploidy rate in 330-day-old juveniles was 9.3% and 6.7% in different year treatment groups. After 2 years of rearing, allo-tetraploidy males attained sexual maturity with milk-like milt at the age of 2+, while allo-tetraploidy females at the age of 2+, and even at 3+, did not show any signs of sexual maturation exhibiting obviously delayed maturity. Only a few allo-tetraploidy females (three individuals) showed maturation characters at the age of 4+ and these females were induced to spawn.     

厚颌鲂的年龄结构及生长特性

以鳞片作为鉴定年龄的材料,对龙溪河厚颌鲂(Megalobrama pellegrini)种群开展年龄结构与生长特性的研究。结果表明,厚颌鲂鳞片年轮结构呈疏密切割型,年轮特征显著,可用于年龄鉴定,3~4月是年轮形成高峰时间。种群由0~7龄共8个龄组组成,以低龄个体为主,1~3龄个体占83.14%,体长分布主要集中在130~250 mm间(77.71%)。体质量分布主要集中在50~250 g(64.33%)。群体总性比为♀∶♂=1∶1.03,符合1∶1理论比值。体长和鳞径呈直线关系,体长和体质量呈幂函数关系且幂指数接近3,属于匀速生长类型,因此用Von Bertalanffy方程描述其生长特性,相关生长参数分别为:渐近体长L∞=488.89 mm,渐近体质量W∞=2486.96 g,k=0.1648,t0=-0.5453龄。体质量生长拐点Ti=6.40龄,对应体长、体质量分别为Lt=333.14 mm,Wt=746.06 g。厚颌鲂的总体生长性能逊于同属其他鱼类。     

团头鲂细菌性败血症免疫研究

将温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)复壮，在28℃条件下加福尔马林灭活48h，制备成灭活苗。用该疫苗免疫团头鲂，取免疫后第10d，20d，30d的血清做凝集抗体试验，最高凝集抗体效价达1：32～128，对照组为1：4～8；免疫鱼的抗感染保护力达70％。     

三角鲂与团头鲂正反杂交F1的遗传性状

采用聚类分析、主在分分析和判别分析3种数理统计方法，对团头舫、三角鲂及其正反杂交F1的比例性状和框架参数进行分析，探讨了亲本形态性状在子代中的遗传传递情况。结果表明：（1）正反交F1形态都表现出较多的母性遗传特征，但三角鲂母本对杂交F1遗传特征的影响强于团头鲂母本。（2）躯干部特征、头尾轴特征及背棘等为区分团头鲂、三角鲂及其正反杂交F1的重要因子。     

广东鲂(♀)×团头鲂()杂交子一代及其双亲同工酶的比较

采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直平板电泳法对广东鲂、团头鲂及其杂交子一代肌肝眼 3种组织的 4种同工酶(EST、LDH、MDH、SOD)进行电泳 ,分析其酶谱组成和活性差异。结果显示父母本同种组织中大部分同工酶的表达酶谱较相似 ,尤其以眼组织的LDH、肝组织的MDH以及 3种组织的SOD同工酶的表型最为相似 ,表明两种鱼的亲缘关系较近 ,是本远缘杂交成功的遗传物质基础。同时父母本的某些同工酶谱又存在有稳定的种间差异 ,如肝组织的LDH。杂交子一代同工酶表型有些具有来自双亲的区带总和 ,有些则单独表达父本或母本的基因 ,更有些出现父母本没有的表型     

三角鲂IGF-I基因的分子克隆及其序列分析

 采用RT-PCR技术首次从钱塘江三角鲂肝脏组织克隆了IGF-Ⅰ基因(GenBank No.AY247412)，序列分析表明钱塘江三角鲂IGF-ⅠcDNA序列由486个核苷酸组成，编码包括B、C、A、D和E 5个区域的161个氨基酸，为Ea-2亚型。同源性分析发现，钱塘江三角鲂IGF-ⅠcDNA与团头鲂、草鱼和鲤鱼的同源性分别为99.8%、88.8%和85.8%，钱塘江三角鲂IGF-Ⅰ前蛋白氨基酸序列与团头鲂、草鱼和鲤鱼的同源性分别为99.4%、88.8%和85.4%。在鲤科鱼类中，亲缘性越近鱼种，IGF-Ⅰ及其基因的同源性越高。试验结果为三角鲂种质研究和开发高效生物饲料添加剂提供基础资料。     

团头鲂血清抗病毒半乳糖凝集素样蛋白的分离与鉴定

将草鱼出血病病毒(GCHV)的结构蛋白与Sepherose-4B偶联制备亲和柱，经亲和层析从团头鲂血清中分离到一种蛋白，能凝集兔红细胞，其血凝性依赖于β巯基乙醇的存在。红细胞凝集抑制实验证实该蛋白与D半乳糖有最高的亲和力，其次为甘露糖。梯度PAGE测得其分子量约为240000，SDS梯度PAGE证实该蛋白由分子量为15000的单个亚基组成，亚基之间没有共价连接。以上特性与半乳糖凝集素相符，故称其为团头鲂抗病毒半乳糖凝集素样蛋白。抗体阻断试验证实，此种凝集素样蛋白是团头鲂血清抗病毒及红细胞凝集活性的主要成分。N末段的氨基酸序列为Lys-Val-Asn-Leu-Asp-Glu-Lys-Cys-Pro-Phe，检索GenBank，未发现与这一段序列同源的蛋白质。     

Expression of recombinant triangular bream (Megalobrama terminalis) pre-IGF-I in Escherichia coli

The insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) cDNA (GenBank Accession No. AY247412) of triangular bream (Megalobrama terminalis) was expressed for the first time in Escherichia coli. To construct the expression plasmid, the IGF-I cDNA was subcloned into prokaryotic-expressing vector pGEX-4T-1. The E.coli JM109 was transformed with the recombinant plasmid pGEX-4T-1-IGF-I, and the transgene expression was observed after being induced with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG). The results of SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting indicated that the recombinant fusion protein had immune activity and the molecular weight was about 47 kDa. The results of SDS-PAGE and thin layer scanning showed that the yield of fusion protein had been enlarged with prolonging time. When the time of induced expression was 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h, the expression amount was approximately 1.4, 4.3, 8.1, 11.3, 16.3 and 18.8% of total bacterial protein respectively.